Dabarar Haɗin Kai a Cikin Tafkin Ma'adinai don Yarjejeniyar Shaidar Tsarin Jijiyoyi

Teburin Abubuwan Ciki

1. Gabatarwa

Tsofaffin tafkunan ma'adinan blockchain suna fuskantar manyan iyakoki lokacin da ake amfani da su ga hanyoyin yarjejeniya na tushen Binciken Tsarin Jijiyoyi (NAS). Wannan binciken ya gabatar da cikakkiyar mafita ta farko ta tafkin ma'adinai wacce aka ƙera musamman don Yarjejeniyar Shaidar Tsarin Jijiyoyi (PoNAS), yana magance ƙalubalen musamman na daidaita aikin zurfin koyo mai rarrabawa.

2. Bayanan Baya da Ayyukan Da suka Danganci

2.1 Yarjejeniyoyin Shaidar Aiki Mai Amfani

Yarjejeniyoyin blockchain na baya-bayan nan sun riƙe fiye da tsoffin matsalolin tushen hash. Tsarin kamar Haɗin Ma'adinan Blockchain mai Kiyaye Sirri, Coin.AI, WekaCoin, DLBC, da PoDL suna amfani da horar da zurfin koyo a matsayin Shaidar Aiki Mai Amfani (PoUW), suna canza ɓarnar lissafi zuwa ingantaccen ci gaban ƙirar AI.

2.2 Tushen Binciken Tsarin Jijiyoyi

NAS tana sarrafa ƙirar ƙirar zurfin koyo ta hanyar bincika sararin tsari bisa tsari. Bukatun lissafi sun yi daidai da abubuwan more rayuwa na ma'adinan blockchain, suna haifar da haɗin kai na dabi'a tsakanin fagage biyu.

3. Ƙirar Tafkin Ma'adinai don PoNAS

3.1 Rarraba Sararin Tsari

Mai sarrafa tafkin ma'adinai yana raba cikakkiyar sararin binciken tsarin jijiyoyi zuwa ƙananan sararuwa ta amfani da rarrabuwar matsayi. Kowane ƙaramin sarari $S_i$ an ayyana shi ta hanyar ƙayyadaddun tsari:

$S_i = \{A | A \in \mathcal{A}, f_{constraint}(A) = C_i\}$

inda $\mathcal{A}$ yana wakiltar cikakkiyar sararin tsari kuma $C_i$ yana ayyana ƙayyadaddun ƙaramin sarari.

3.2 Dabarar Haɗin Kai ta Ma'adinai

Ana sanya ma'adinai zuwa takamaiman ƙananan sararuwa tare da daidaitattun dabarun bincike. Rarraba lada yana biye da:

$R_i = \frac{P_i}{\sum_{j=1}^{N} P_j} \times R_{total}$

inda $P_i$ yana wakiltar ma'aunin aikin gano tsarin.

3.3 Tsarin Jurewar Kuskure

Tsarin yana lura da karkatar da aikin ma'adinai $\sigma_p$ kuma yana kula da ma'adinai masu goyon baya don ayyuka masu lada mai yawa:

$\sigma_p = \sqrt{\frac{1}{N}\sum_{i=1}^{N}(p_i - \bar{p})^2}$

4. Sakamakon Gwaji

Tabbacin gwaji ya nuna manyan fa'idodin tsarin tafkin ma'adinai da aka gabatar:

• Matsakaicin gudun gudu na 3.2x a cikin gano tsari idan aka kwatanta da ma'adinai ɗaya
• Kashi 98.7% na kammala aiki tare da aiwatar da hanyoyin goyon baya
• An rage bambancin lada na ma'adinai da kashi 45% ta hanyar inganta ƙaramin sarari

5. Tsarin Bita na Fasaha

Hangen Nesa na Manazarcin: Cibiyar Fahimta, Motsi na Ma'ana, Ƙarfi & Kurakurai, Fahimta masu Aiki

Cibiyar Fahimta

Wannan takarda ta sake tunanin tattalin arzikin tafkin ma'adinai ta hanyar maye gurbin ɓatattun lissafin hash da ingantaccen binciken tsarin jijiyoyi. Gaskiyar nasara ba kawai fasaha ba ce—tattalin arziki ce: sun ƙirƙiri tsarin inda tsaron blockchain da ci gaban AI suka zama masu ƙarfafa juna maimakon manufa masu gasa. Wannan yana magance ainihin sukar cewa blockchain ba ta da dorewa a muhalli.

Motsi na Ma'ana

Hujja ta ci gaba da daidaitaccen ma'ana: fara da matsalar da ba za a iya musantawa ba ta ɓarnar makamashi ta PoW, gabatar da NAS a matsayin kwatankwacin lissafi amma mai ƙima a cikin al'umma, sannan nuna yadda za a iya daidaita injinan tafkin ma'adinai maimakon sake ƙirƙira su. Kyawun yana cikin amfani da abubuwan more rayuwa na ma'adinai da halayen tattalin arziki yayin da ake canza ainihin ƙirƙirar ƙima gaba ɗaya. Ba kamar shawarwarin "green blockchain" da ba a dafa su ba, wannan yana kiyaye tsaron cryptographic yayin isar da ingantattun sakamakon binciken AI.

Ƙarfi & Kurakurai

Ƙarfi: Dabarar rarraba ƙaramin sarari sabuwar gaske ce—tana hana aiki mai maimaitawa yayin kiyaye bambancin bincike. Tsarin ma'adinan goyon baya yana nuna ingantaccen fahimtar ƙalubalen turawa na ainihi. Idan aka kwatanta da tsoffin hanyoyin NAS masu rarrabawa kamar ENAS ko DARTS, wannan yana amfani da hanyoyin ƙarfafawa na asali na blockchain maimakon buƙatar daidaita ta tsakiya.

Mummunan Kuskure: Takarda ta raina matsalar farashin tabbatarwa. Ta yaya za ku tabbatar da cewa ma'adinai ya yi aikin NAS mai ma'ana maimakon yin wasa da tsarin? Hanyoyin da aka kwatanta za su kasance masu rauni ga ƙwararrun hare-haren maƙiyi waɗanda ke samar da ingantattun tsarin amma marasa inganci tare da ƙaramin lissafi.

Fahimta masu Aiki

Ga ayyukan blockchain: Wannan yana ba da hanya mai yuwuwa zuwa ma'anar rarrabuwar kawuna na ci gaban AI. Ga masu binciken AI: Wannan yana wakiltar wata dama da ba a taɓa yin irinta ba don samun damar lissafi mai rarrabawa tare da daidaita ƙarfafawa. Mataki na gaba nan da nan ya kamata aiwatar da ayyukan jinkirin tabbatarwa don NAS don magance gibin tabbatarwa. Kamfanoni ya kamata su bincika ƙirar gauraye inda ƙungiyoyin bincike na cikin gida ke amfani da wannan tsarin don daidaita albarkatun lissafi na waje.

6. Ayyuka da Jagororin Gaba

Tsarin da aka gabatar yana ba da damar ayyuka masu ban sha'awa da yawa:

• Kasuwannin ƙirar AI masu rarrabuwar kawuna tare da bin diddigin asali
• Daidaituwar koyo a cikin iyakokin cibiyoyi
• Sarrafa injin koyo a matsayin sabis mai rarrabuwar kawuna
• Haɗin gwiwar bincike tsakanin cibiyoyi tare da bin diddigin gudunmawa a sarari

7. Bayanan da aka yi Amfani da su

1. Z. Li da saur., "Haɗin Ma'adinan Blockchain mai Kiyaye Sirri," IEEE S&P, 2021
2. Y. Chen da saur., "Coin.AI: Tsarin Shaidar Aiki Mai Amfani don Zurfin Koyo mai Rarrabawa na Tushen Blockchain," arXiv:2103.17001
3. B. Z. H. Zhao da saur., "WekaCoin: Dandali na Tushen Blockchain don Koyon Injiniya mai Rarrabawa," FC 2022
4. X. Wang da saur., "DLBC: Blockchain na Zurfin Koyo don Koyon Injiniya mai Rarrabawa," ICDCS 2021
5. J. Zhu da saur., "Shaidar Zurfin Koyo (PoDL): Yin amfani da Zurfin Koyo a matsayin Shaidar Aiki Mai Amfani," TPDS 2022
6. Goodfellow, I., Bengio, Y., & Courville, A. (2016). Zurfin Koyo. MIT Press.
7. Zoph, B., & Le, Q. V. (2017). Binciken Tsarin Jijiyoyi tare da Koyon Ƙarfafawa. ICLR 2017