Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
1. Fara Truebit
Takardar ta fara da kwatanta rarrabawar Bitcoin mai adalci, bisa hakar ma'adinai, da kalubalen kafawa da token masu dogaro da kwangila masu wayo kamar Truebit ke fuskanta. Tsarin Bitcoin na "ka ƙirƙiri kuɗin ka" baya fassara kai tsaye zuwa tsarin da masu amfani dole ne su samar da token da ake amfani da shi don biyan kuɗi.
1.1 Kalubalen Kafawa
Sabbin hanyoyin sadarwa da ke buƙatar biyan kuɗi da takamaiman token suna fuskantar matsalar "fara sanyi": masu amfani ba su da token da suke buƙata don biyan sabis. Yayin da ayyuka kamar MerkleMine na Livepeer suka yi ƙoƙarin rarrabawa ta hanyar aikin lissafi, rarrabawa mai dorewa, marar siyasa har yanzu ba ta bayyana ba. Takardar tana ba da hujjar tsarin tattalin arziki wanda ke rage rikici da siyasa ga masu amfani ba tare da yin barin tsaro ba.
1.2 Bukatar Farashi Mai Tsayayye
Yin amfani da cryptocurrency mai saurin canzawa don biyan kuɗi yana haifar da matsala mai mahimmanci ga mai amfani. Takardar tana amfani da kwatancin matukin jirgi wanda man fetur (token) dinsa ya ƙare da sauri idan farashinsa ya tashi a tsakiyar jirgin, wanda ke tilasta saukar da shi ba tare da shiri ba. Wannan yana nuna buƙatar token mai tsayayye wanda ƙimarsa ta kasance mai iya hasashe dangane da sabis (lissafi), ba lallai ba ne kuɗin ƙasa kamar USD.
2. Tsarin Token Mai Tsayayye
Truebit yana ba da shawarar tsarin token wanda ke ba da farashi mai tsayayye ga ayyukan lissafi, ba tare da dogaro ga majiya na waje ko cibiyoyin farashi na tsakiya ba.
2.1 Ka'idojin Zane
An tsara tsarin don zama marar amana da rarrabawar iko, ba tare da takamaiman nodes masu iko ba. Token mai tsayayye yana nufin sanya farashin naúrar lissafi ya zama mai iya hasashe ga masu amfani, kamar yadda kuɗin ƙasa ke nufin samun ƙarfin siye mai tsayayye.
2.2 Alaka da Wutar Lantarki
Duka token mai tsayayye na Truebit da kuɗin ƙasa na iya yin alaƙa da farashin wutar lantarki, tushen farashi na asali na lissafi. Ana ba da shawarar wannan haɗin kai ga tushen farashin albarkatun zahiri a matsayin mai yuwuwar kafa tsayayyen farashi.
3. Hanyoyin Rarrabawa
Don magance matsalar kafawa, Truebit yana bincika hanyoyin da ba su dogara da ƙirƙirar da farko na gargajiya da aka ba da shi ga ƙungiya ta musamman ba.
3.1 Amfani da Kudaden Ruwa da Ake da su
Tsarin da aka ba da shawarar yana amfani da token na ruwa da ake da su (kamar ETH) don rarrabawar farko. Wannan yana rage rikici ga masu amfani waɗanda za su iya amfani da kadarorin da suke da su, yayin da yuwuwar samun kudaden shiga don ci gaban aikin.
3.2 Madadin Yin Ƙirƙira da Farko
Sashe na 3.2, 4.1, da 4.2 na PDF sun bayyana madadin ƙirƙira da farko. Manufar ita ce canza tsarin zuwa abin amfani na jama'a maimakon kadari mai sarrafa kansa tun daga farko.
4. Gudanarwa da Rarrabawar Iko
Wani sabon abu na asali shine gabatar da matakin gudanarwa mai iyakacin lokaci wanda a ƙarshe zai narke cikin tsarin token na amfani.
4.1 Wasan Gudanarwa
Wasan gudanarwa yana ƙayyade amfani na gajeren lokaci na token don kafa hanyar sadarwa. A cikin dogon lokaci, yana haifar da ƙarfafawa ga masu riƙe token na gudanarwa don canza token ɗin su zuwa token na amfani.
4.2 Hanyar zuwa Rarrabawar Iko Mai Cin Gashin Kanta
Bayan canza duk token na gudanarwa, tsarin ya cimma matsayin cikakken rarrabawar iko yayin da yake ci gaba da iya haɓakawa. An tsara tsawon rayuwar matakin gudanarwa don ƙarewa a cikin narkewar kansa, yana karkatar da hanyar sadarwa zuwa aiki mai cin gashin kanta.
5. Fahimta ta Asali & Bincike
Ra'ayin Mai Bincike: Rarrabuwa ta Matakai Hudu
Fahimta ta Asali: Truebit ba kawai wani mai son tsayayyen kuɗi mai dogaro da majiya ba ne; yana ƙoƙari na tsattsauran ra'ayi don saka tsayayyen tattalin arziki kai tsaye cikin aikin amfani na hanyar sadarwa mai rarrabawar iko. Takardar ta gano daidai cewa saurin canzawa ba matsala ta ciniki kawai ba ce—ta kashe UX ga kowane sabis (kamar lissafi) inda hasashen farashi ya fi mahimmanci. Fahimtarsu don yuwuwar kafa ƙima ga farashin wutar lantarki wata wayo ce, ko da ba a bincika sosai ba, alamar ga ilimin kimiyyar lissafi na asali, mai tunawa da tattaunawar farko ta Bitcoin da ta haɗa ƙimarta da farashin hakar ma'adinai.
Tsarin Ma'ana: Hujjar tana ci gaba da tsafta: 1) Gano rikicin mai amfani na token na biyan kuɗi mai saurin canzawa (kwatancin "matukin jirgi" yana da kyau). 2) Ba da shawarar token mai tsayayye a matsayin mafita, amma yarda da matsalar kaji da kwai ta kafawa. 3) Gabatar da tsarin token biyu tare da matakin gudanarwa na sadaukarwa don magance rarrabawa. 4) Zana matakin gudanarwa don lalata kansa, ya bar token na amfani mai tsafta. Ma'ana tana da inganci, amma takardar ta yi watsi da sarƙaƙƙiyar riƙe tsayayyen token ba tare da majiya ba—matsala da ta lalata ayyuka kamar TerraUSD (UST).
Ƙarfi & Kurakurai: Ƙarfin shine tsarin gudanarwa mai narkewa da kansa. "Katangar" gudanarwa ce da aka yi niyya don cirewa, wanda a falsafa ya fi tsafta fiye da mulkin plutocracies na dindindin na gudanarwa a cikin DeFi (misali, Uniswap, Compound). Kurakuri mai mahimmanci shine motsin hannu a kusa da tsarin tsayayye. Ba isasshe ba ne kawai ba da shawarar alaƙa da farashin wutar lantarki. Ta yaya ake gano wannan farashin akan sarkar ba tare da amana ba? Takardar tana nuni da "madadin" a cikin sassa na gaba amma ba ta ba da takamaiman tsarin sirri ko wasan ka'ida ba. Wannan shi ne gibin ɗaya wanda ya lalata yawancin tsayayyen kuɗin algorithm; kamar yadda bincike daga Bank for International Settlements (BIS) ya nuna, tsayayye ba tare da belin waje ko majiya ba ya kasance wani matsalar tattalin arziki da ba a warware ba.
Fahimta Mai Aiki: Ga masu gini, abin da za a ɗauka shine tsarin narkewar gudanarwa—yi la'akari da shi don ayyukan da ke buƙatar kwamitin tuƙi na ɗan lokaci. Ga masu saka hannun jari, ku kasance masu shakku sosai har sai an yi cikakken bayani game da tsarin tsayayye tare da ƙarfi, a ce, takardar fari ta MakerDAO. Nasarar aikin ta dogara ne akan warware matsala mai wahala fiye da lissafi mai rarrabawar iko da kansa: gano farashi mai rarrabawar iko don wani tushe na asali. Ku kalli takardu masu biyo baya da ke bayyana tsarin tsayayye; ba tare da shi ba, wannan tsarin tattalin arziki ne mai kyau da aka gina akan yashi mai motsi.
6. Cikakkun Bayanai na Fasaha & Tsarin Lissafi
Yayin da ɓangaren PDF da aka bayar yana da matakin girma, tsarin tattalin arziki da aka ba da shawarar yana nuna hanyoyin da ke ƙasa. Token mai tsayayye da ke nufin hasashen farashi dangane da lissafi zai iya amfani da lanƙwasa na haɗawa ko tsarin ajiya.
Tsarin Tsayayye Mai Yuwuwa: Idan ana nufin ƙimar token ta yi alaƙa da farashin wutar lantarki, ƙirar da aka sauƙaƙa za ta iya zama: $P_{token} = f(C_{electricity}, D_{compute})$, inda $P_{token}$ shine farashin token, $C_{electricity}$ shine farashin wutar lantarki da aka samo daga hanyar sadarwa, kuma $D_{compute}$ shine buƙatar lissafi. Za a buƙaci ayyana aikin $f$ ta hanyar kwangila mai wayo, daidaita yawan token ko tsarin fansa.
Canjin Gudanarwa: Canjin daga gudanarwa ($G$) zuwa token na amfani ($U$) na iya bin jadawali ko tsarin tushen kasuwa: $U_t = G_t \cdot r(t)$, inda $r(t)$ shine ƙimar canzawa wanda ke raguwa ko canzawa dangane da lokaci $t$ ko matakan hanyar sadarwa, yana ƙarfafa canzawa cikin lokaci.
7. Tsarin Bincike & Misalin Lamari
Tsarin don Kimanta Ƙirar Kafawa:
- Tushen Kudaden Ruwa na Farko: Shin yana amfani da kadarorin da ake da su (misali, ETH) ko yana buƙatar sabon jari?
- Adalcin Rarrabawa: Shin samun dama ba tare da izini ba ne ko an ƙuntata shi (misali, ƙirƙira da farko, isar da iska ga takamaiman masu amfani)?
- Daidaitawar Ƙarfafawa: Shin ƙarfafawar mahalarta farko ta yi daidai da lafiyar hanyar sadarwa na dogon lokaci?
- Faɗuwar Gudanarwa: Shin sarrafa tsakiya na ɗan lokaci ne tare da takamaiman hanyar zuwa rarrabawar iko?
Misalin Lamari: Kwatanta da Ƙirar "Token na Aiki":
Kwatanta tsarin Truebit da "MerkleMine" na Livepeer da ƙirar "Token na Aiki" da Placeholder VC ta bayyana. Livepeer da farko ta rarraba token ta hanyar tabbatar da aiki a matakin kwangila mai wayo (MerkleMine), da nufin rarrabawa mai adalci. Duk da haka, ci gaba da shiga bayan rarrabawa ya kasance kalubale. Tsarin Truebit, ta hanyar haɗa rarrabawa tare da tsarin tsayayye da rawar gudanarwa mai iyakacin lokaci, yana ƙoƙarin magance duka ƙaddamarwa mai adalci da ci gaba da amfani tun daga farko. Token na gudanarwa yana aiki a matsayin "token na aikin kafawa" wanda ke canzawa zuwa amfani mai tsafta.
8. Ayyuka na Gaba & Hanyoyi
Ka'idojin da aka zayyana za su iya faɗaɗa fiye da lissafi mai tabbatarwa:
- Hanyoyin Sadarwar Kayan Aiki na Zahiri Mai Rarrabawar Iko (DePIN): Token masu tsayayye da aka ɗaure da farashin kayan aiki, bandwidth, ko ajiya za su iya sauƙaƙe farashi mai iya hasashe ga sabis na DePIN kamar waɗanda Helium ko Filecoin ke bayarwa.
- AI & Koyon Injini Mai Rarrabawar Iko: Yayin da ƙididdigar AI akan sarkar ke girma, token mai tsayayye dangane da farashin lissafi na GPU/TPU zai zama mai matuƙar ƙima ga masu haɓaka kasafin kuɗin horar da ƙira ko ayyukan ƙididdiga.
- Kasuwannin Sabis na Ƙetare Sarka: "Naúrar lissafi mai tsayayye" da aka sani a duniya zai iya zama ma'auni don farashin sabis a cikin yanayin sarkar daban-daban, kama da yadda EVM ta daidaita aiwatarwa.
- Juyin Mulki: Token da aka nuna alaƙa da farashin sabis na zahiri (wutar lantarki) na iya fuskantar bincike daban-daban na tsari fiye da token da ake ganin su kadai a matsayin kadarorin kuɗi, mai yuwuwar daidaitawa da sabbin tsare-tsare don tsarin token na amfani.
Babban hanyar gaba dole ne ya zama ingantaccen tsarin tsayayye, wanda aka ayyana ta hanyar sirri. Bincike zai iya bincika ƙirar gauraye waɗanda ke haɗa gyare-gyaren algorithm tare da belin crypto marar alaƙa, ko sabbin ƙirar majiya musamman don farashin kayayyaki kamar wutar lantarki.
9. Nassoshi
- Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: Tsarin Kuɗin Lantarki na Peer-to-Peer.
- Buterin, V. (2014). Kwangila Mai Wayo ta Zamani da Dandalin Aikace-aikacen Rarrabawar Iko (Takardar Fari ta Ethereum).
- Teutsch, J., & Reitwießner, C. (2017). Maganin Tabbatarwa mai Girma don Sarka (Takardar Fari ta Truebit).
- Livepeer. (2018). MerkleMine: Hanyar Rarrabawa Mai Adalci don Token na Livepeer.
- Bank for International Settlements (BIS). (2022). Rahoton Tattalin Arziki na Shekara - Babi na III: Makomar Tsarin Kuɗi a Zamani na Dijital.
- Kwon, D., & Associates. (2018). Kuɗin Terra: Tsayayye da Karɓuwa (Takardar Fari ta Terra).
- Placeholder VC. (2017). Ƙirar Token na Aiki.
- MakerDAO. (2017). Tsarin Dai Stablecoin (Takardar Fari ta Maker).